The story behind Sher-e-Punjab

Sher-e-Panjab, or Lion of the Punjab, was the title given to Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century. He ruled from 1801 to 1839, uniting the Punjab region into a strong, centrally administered kingdom. His rule extended from the Khyber Pass to the Sutlej River and from Kashmir to Multan. Ranjit Singh was a secular ruler who respected different religions and appointed Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs to important positions in the government and military. His court was known for its tolerance, diplomacy, and cultural flourishing.

He was a pioneer in governance: he created a merit-based army, trained soldiers in European style, and invested in education and infrastructure. He abolished the death penalty, a significant humanitarian act for the time, and banned cruel traditions such as satire. Economically, his empire had one of the highest GDP per capita figures of its time, and a currency stronger than the British pound. Punjabi literacy rates were among the highest in the world, with schools in almost every village – including for girls – leading to widespread adult literacy.

His rule is increasingly being appreciated today. In 2020, BBC World Histories Magazine ranked him as the greatest leader in world history, ahead of figures such as Churchill, Lincoln and Napoleon. Australian media reinforced this view, emphasizing his justice, tolerance and progressiveness. Unlike colonial conquerors, Ranjit Singh expanded his empire without oppression. His legacy is a timeless example of ethical, just and visionary leadership.